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Philadelphia crime family
The Philadelphia crime family, (pronounced (:filaˈdɛlfja)) also known as the Philadelphia Mafia, or Philly Mob/Mafia,〔〔()〕 is an Italian American criminal organization based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is one of the most active American Mafia families outside of the Five Families of New York. Formed and based in South Philadelphia, the family operates in various areas in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, Southeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The Philadelphia family is notorious for its violence, due in particular to its succession of violent bosses and multiple mob wars. Under Angelo Bruno's reign (1959–1980) the family enjoyed and era of peace and prosperity. During this time law enforcement and the media starting calling the family the Bruno crime family. A complex dispute involving disgruntled subordinates, the New York Mafia and control of Atlantic City territory led to Bruno's murder in 1980. Bruno's murder set off an internal mob war that lasted over a year until Nicodemo Scarfo took over as boss.
During Scrafo's reign the family was known as the Scarfo crime family.〔〔 Scarfo's 10 year reign saw the family grow in power, but also become highly unstable. Unlike Bruno, Scarfo was infamous for his short temper and penchant for violence. Scarfo got the family involved in narcotics trafficking and demanded that all criminals pay a street tax for operating in any territory Scarfo considered his own. Scarfo also did not hesitate to order people murdered over moderate disputes. Scarfo's bloody tenure during the 1980s saw the murder of over 20 of his own men. The dramatic rise in violence attracted increased attention from the FBI and Pennsylvania State Police. Increased violence and law enforcement prosecutions also convinced several mobsters to cooperate with the government (including Scarfo's own nephew) in order to escape death or prison. Scarfo's downfall came in 1988 when he and most of his top allies were arrested and sentenced to long prison terms.
Scarfo's imprisonment eventually led to another internal mob war. With the backing of the Gambino crime family in New York, John Stanfa was named boss of the Philadelphia crime family in 1991. However, a faction of young mobsters led by Joseph Merlino disputed his ascension and by 1993 another war for control of the family began. During the war, Merlino survived over 12 attempts on his life. The war ended in 1994 when Stanfa and most of his supporters were arrested by the FBI. Merlino then took over the family and has been running it ever since. The Philadelphia crime family has been severely weakened over the past 30 years due to it's violence, instability and a crack down on organized crime by law enforcement. Despite this, it still remains one of the most active Mafia families in the country. Today, the family is mostly involved in illegal sports betting operations, loan sharking and extortion.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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